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In the context of human–computer interaction, a modality is the classification of a single independent channel of sensory input/output between a computer and a human. A system is designated unimodal if it has only one modality implemented, and multimodal if it has more than one.〔 When multiple modalities are available for some tasks or aspects of a task, the system is said to have overlapping modalities. If multiple modalities are available for a task, the system is said to have redundant modalities. Multiple modalities can be used in combination to provide complementary methods that may be redundant but convey information more effectively. Modalities can be generally defined in two forms: human-computer and computer-human modalities. ==Computer–Human Modalities== Computers utilize a wide range of technologies to communicate and send information to humans: * Common modalities * * Vision - computer graphics typically through a screen * * Audition - various audio outputs * * Tactition - vibrations or other movement * Uncommon modalities * * Gustation (taste) * * Olfaction (smell) * * Thermoception (heat) * * Nociception (pain) * * Equilibrioception (balance) Any human sense can be used as a computer to human modality. However, the modalities of seeing and hearing are the most commonly employed since they are capable of transmitting information at a higher speed than other modalities, 250 to 300 and 150 to 160〔Williams, J. R. (1998). Guidelines for the use of multimedia in instruction, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd Annual Meeting, 1447–1451〕 words per minute, respectively. Though not commonly implemented as computer-human modality, tactition can achieve an average of 125 wpm through the use of a refreshable Braille display. Other more common forms of tactition are smartphone and game controller vibrations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Modality (human–computer interaction)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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